Most verbs have a past tense and past participle with –ed: worked, played, listened. But many of the most frequent verbs are irregular.

Uses of past participles: 

👉🏻 Perfect tenses: Used with auxiliary verbs like HAVE or HAS to form the Present Perfect Tense.

🟢 Example: "They HAVE SENT the proposal."

👉🏻 Passive voice: Used with forms of the verb "to be" to show the subject is receiving the action.

🟢 Example: "The car WAS REPAIRED last month."

👉🏻 As an adjective: Can describe a noun.

🟢 Example: "The GROWN TREES need some trimming." 

WISH and IF ONLY

GRAMMAR EXPLANATION:

¬WISHES about present events: WISH + past simple

I am not very tall . I wish I were taller

My father only speaks Spanish. He wishes he spoke English or French

¬WISHES about past events: WISH + past perfect

We couldn't attend the meeting. We wish we had attended the meeting.

I rained so hard that the party was cancelled. I wish it hadn't rained

¬WISHES about future events or annoying habits: WISH + would/could

He leaves his clothes on the floor and his room is a mess. I wish he wouldn't do that.

Mr. Urban wants to have an interview with you. He wishes you would meet him next week. 

¬IF ONLY is used to make emphatic wishes:

I can't restart the computer. If only I knew how to fix it! (for present events)

We are completely lost. If only you had brought your GPS! (for past events)

REMEMBER: You can also use the negative forms didn't, hadn't, wouldn't, and couldn't.

Now practice with these exercises: